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标题: 浮梁结合广济桥 1lmfmvgo [打印本页]

作者: 宝芳丞bi    时间: 2016-4-29 20:56
标题: 浮梁结合广济桥 1lmfmvgo
一座桥,修建了五十七年才完工,不奇怪。在南宋缺少大型现代化建筑工具的时代治疗白癜风北京医院,修建一座跨越大江的桥梁,很不容易。在将近一千年的岁月里,这座桥几乎不停地被修、改、扩等,就不平常了。潮州的广济桥,就是一座这样的桥。广济桥最大的特色,是集梁桥、浮桥、拱桥于一体。它是我国古桥的孤例,著名桥梁专家茅以升称它为“世界上最早的启闭式桥梁”。   

  茅以升我们知道,他的文章《中国石拱桥》,是我们上学时说明文的范本。通过他的文章,我们认识了中国最著名的两座桥—赵州桥和卢沟桥。卢沟桥我去过两次,一次是晚上,一次是下午,没有赶上“卢沟晓月”的时刻。赵州桥,“大拱的肩上,各有两个小拱,既减轻了桥的重量,又增加了美观。”写到这里,我异常得意,几十年前背下来的东西,还能记忆如斯。可是,赵州桥的美丽,只是在茅以升的文章中鉴赏,没有亲自去看过。   

  这一回到潮州,站在韩文公祠的高处,看到一座巍峨的大桥横跨韩江,它就是中国四大桥梁之一的广济桥。广济桥又名康济桥或湘子桥。康济桥是南宋初建时的名字,它是广东通往福建浙江等地的重要通道。广济桥建成后,就因为这样那样的原因,总是被折腾。现在我们看到广济桥,是明朝的样式。明宣德十年,潮州知府王源主持对桥进行规模空前的重修。最大的改变是,为避免行人遭受日晒雨淋还在桥上建起一百二十六间亭屋,亭屋间建造了十二座楼阁。江心急流处,用二十四艘船只连结为浮桥。浮桥用三根铁索固定,每根铁索重达四千斤。“广济桥”的名字,就是这次修缮后更皮肤病治疗医院哪家好改的,它寓意“广济百粤之民”。   

  广济桥,由东西二段石梁桥和中间一段浮桥组合而成。梁桥又由桥墩、石梁和桥亭三部分组成。东边有桥墩十二个,桥台一座,桥孔十二个;西边有桥墩八个北京医院白癜风治疗,桥孔七个。中间浮桥长九十七米多,由十八只木船连接而成。   

  漫步在广济桥上,没有一点感觉是走在水上。连续的亭台,恍如是公园的休息点。桥亭全部建在桥墩上,好像是两座亭子夹一座阁,以大桥中轴线为轴纵向排列。亭台是二亭共同占据一座桥墩,分立大桥中轴线的南北两边。亭台依着地势形态,顶部有攒尖、圆形、三角形、四角形、扇面等等。阁,称为殿式阁。殿式阁为东西向,横跨桥面,一阁占有一墩。阁顶有歇山、硬山和悬山等样子,平稳威严北京哪家医院能治疗好白癜风,像皇宫的大殿那般,故称殿式阁。   

  有亭有阁的桥,在两头,中间是浮桥。浮桥由十八只木船横向并排连接,船中央铺设了木板作桥面。浮桥二头用铁链固定在梁桥的矶头墩,随水位涨落而高低变化。浮桥可启可闭,闭合可连接二边梁桥,开启可以通行大型船舶和快速排洪。第二天下午我们在江滨公园闲逛时,正好赶上浮桥开启。好几艘运沙船要经过这段,十二条船迅速被划走,大机帆船突突过来,一点没有不畅快。我们想看到桥是如何闭合的,等了好长时间,还有船儿通过,只得作罢。桥的观赏性和实用性,我们到时看到了,没想到的待遇。   

  桥的东头,还有一座大铁牛。铁牛,广济桥的标志。本来东西各有一座铁牛,镇水的宝贝。介绍上说,东头的铁牛在道光二十二年的一次大水时失落,至今下落不明。西头这只,孤零零坚守在广济桥上,成了众多游客眼里的最好的风景之一,照相的道具。潮州民间至今还有“两只铁牛一只溜”的民谣。   

  每一座亭阁,都有对联和牌匾,不同的含义,不同的字体,表达的都是对风光的赞美。饶宗颐、权希军、刘艺书等著名文人、书法家和当地名家的作品,镌刻在桥上,游人们在把玩文字的同时,还可以欣赏书法艺术特有的魅力。   

  今天的广济桥,不再是交通工具。为了保护着这座名桥,在距离广济桥一公里处新建了韩江大桥来勾连东西,古老的广济桥,成了游人必去的重要景点。
作者: 5o9popbklbok    时间: 2016-4-29 22:45
标题: Inventory of the summer sun must have six kinds of
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